Law and Innovation Society journal (ISSN 2309-9275) is an open access electronic journal founded by the Scientific and Research Institute of Providing Legal Framework for the Innovative Development of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine and published 4 times a year. The journal was included into the List of scientific professional editions of Ukraine group «Б» 081 "Law" (Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine order № 409 of 17 March 2020), economic specialties 072 "Finance, Banking, Insurance and stock market", 073 "Management" (Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine order № 220 of 21 February 2024). Law and Innovation Society journal accepts for publication theoretical and empirical research on legal and economic issues (management and administration). In particular, the journal encourages research that covers current issues of legal science, proposals for improving national legislation, achieving foreign legal science, and research on the formation and development of financial and banking systems in Ukraine and the world, research in economics and business management. The journal accepts articles in the field of knowledge 081 "Law", 293 "International Law" and specialties 072 "Finance, Banking, Insurance", 073 "Management". Articles in English and Ukrainian languages are accepted for publication in the journal. Law and Innovation Society journal conducts double-blind reviews to provide original and high-quality legal and management and administration research. Founder and publisher: Scientific & Research Institute of Providing Legal Framework for the Innovative Development of National Academy of Law Sciences of Ukraine. Institute website https://ndipzir.org.ua/
Науково-дослідний інститут правового забезпечення інноваційного розвитку НАПрН України НАПрН України
On the formation of new research infrastructures in Ukraine under present conditions
The formation of new research infrastructures in Ukraine has become a critical priority due to the ongoing full-scale war and its impact on the country’s scientific and technological potential. This paper analyzes the current state of Ukrainian research infrastructures, highlighting the damage to material and technical bases, the outflow of human capital, and disruptions in funding. Drawing on international experience from the European Union, the United States, and France, the study identifies effective models of state, private, and municipal research centers, as well as public–private partnerships and international collaborations. The paper emphasizes the importance of resilient, interdisciplinary, and internationally connected infrastructures to ensure Ukraine’s post-war scientific recovery, technological modernization, and global competitiveness. Recommendations focus on creating national science and technology hubs, leveraging international grants, integrating research with industry, and adopting adaptive governance models to enhance the country’s innovation capacity.
Scientific and research institute of providing legal framework for the innovative development of NALS of Ukraine
Organizational and economic mechanism for adapting a company’s marketing strategy in the digital environment
The article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of developing an organizational and economic mechanism for adapting a company’s marketing strategy in the context of digital economic transformation. Emphasis is placed on the need for comprehensive transformation of marketing activities, covering both digital infrastructure (creation of a multilingual website, implementation of CRM, SEO, email marketing) and strategic presence in the international business environment (participation in B2B platforms, content strategies with an environmental focus, international communications). The feasibility of applying a systematic approach to managing marketing changes is substantiated through the implementation of five functional blocks: analytical, strategic, organizational, instrumental, and evaluation-corrective. It is determined that such a mechanism ensures flexibility, adaptability, and stability of the marketing strategy under conditions of external turbulence, wartime economy, limited resources, and intense competition. The practical significance of the findings lies in the ability to apply the proposed mechanism to improve the marketing strategies of enterprises seeking to internationalize, ensure sustainable development, and strengthen competitive positions in the digital economy.
Formation of voter lists: current legal aspects of the application of information and communication technologies
The article is devoted to the consideration of some topical issues of the use of information and communication technologies in the process of forming voter lists. It is noted that under martial law, the development of democratic institutions in Ukraine should be supported by improving electoral legislation and applying the latest innovative technologies. It is established that the proper formation of voter lists and maintaining the electoral register is critically important for ensuring the transparency of the electoral process and the effective implementation of electoral law. The scientific study analyzed the norms of the Electoral Code of Ukraine, the Concept of Creating a Unified Automated Information and Analytical System of the Central Election Commission, and the Strategic Plan of the Central Election Commission for 2020–2025. The opinion is supported that the formation of voter lists is a legal way of confirming the electoral rights of citizens, and namely, digital technologies significantly facilitate the process of their creation. The complexity of the process of forming voter lists is emphasized, which has specific structuring and composition of subjects, differences in the procedure and regulatory framework. Separate provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On the State Register of Voters», which defines the legal and organizational principles for the creation and maintenance of a single State Register of Voters in Ukraine, are considered. In addition, the problem of introducing automated systems that process documents in electronic form and implementing relevant strategic directions is emphasized. It is concluded that, given the large volume of documents processed at the stages of registration and compiling voter lists, in order to ensure their high-quality, fast and effective verification, it is considered advisable to use a single digitalized service to ensure the conduct of these election procedures, which will ensure transparency and efficiency of the specified stages of the election process.
information and communication technologies
Features of legal security of investment funds in the context of sustainable innovative development of the energy system
The article addresses current issues concerning the regulatory framework governing the activities of investment funds in the context of sustainable and innovative development of the energy system. The provisions of the draft Law of Ukraine «On Investment Funds» (Reg. No. 13246 dated 01.05.2025) are analyzed, and the necessity of its improvement is identified, taking into account the dynamic development of the digital economy, financial technologies, as well as Ukraine’s integration commitments within the implementation of EU legal acts. The need to regulate provisions related to grants in the activities of investment funds is emphasized, as this corresponds to the goals of effectively implementing public-private partnerships; to the principles of sustainable development enshrined in EU documents and the Association Agreement with Ukraine; and to the practices of leading jurisdictions in the field of impact asset management. The importance of including provisions in Ukrainian legislation that would promote the establishment of fiscal or other economic incentives for individual Ukrainian citizens to participate in collective investment institutions has been established. The current absence of such provisions is a significant gap. As a result of the conducted research, it is stated that under modern conditions, forming a strategic vision for the development of investment funds is essential, and this vision should be aligned with the priorities of economic development. It is noted that given the active transformation of the investment market under the influence of digital technologies and decentralized capital raising models, fundamental changes to investment legislation are needed to improve and optimize the activities of investment funds, including in order to ensure the sustainable development of innovative energy in Ukraine.
Assessment of the consequences for critical sectors in Ukraine as a result of the 2014–2025 war
This study assesses the consequences of risks for critical infrastructure using the risk matrix method. Objectives include analyzing risk assessment approaches, examining the destruction of Ukraine’s critical infrastructure, and developing evaluation methods for potential threats. The research employs threat analysis, probabilistic risk assessment, and scenario modeling. The study develops an approach to risk assessment for critical infrastructure, considering military threats and cybersecurity challenges. The review highlights the destruction of energy and infrastructure facilities in Ukraine, emphasizing the need for enhanced protection. Research on cyber threats, such as the 2015 cyberattack on Ukraine’s power grid, demonstrates the necessity of modern security measures. The findings can aid in developing restoration strategies and reducing infrastructure vulnerability. The study also explores wartime disruptions to medical institutions, pharmacies, and clinics, classified as Insignificant, Moderate, Severe, or Catastrophic. Minor disruptions cause temporary shortages, while severe cases lead to healthcare system collapse, affecting emergency and routine care. The impact of wartime impacts on education, universities and research institutions has been assessed. Additionally, disruptions to water supply and sewage systems pose major public health risks, potentially leading to widespread disease outbreaks. These insights help policymakers and emergency planners mitigate wartime disruptions.
Instruments of business communication in supporting effective foreign economic operations
The article examines the key tools of business communication that contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of foreign economic activity management in enterprises. It analyzes the role of interpersonal, corporate, and intercultural communication in the process of conducting international business. The emphasis is placed on the importance of mastering modern digital communication tools, particularly CRM systems, electronic document management, video conferencing, and social media as platforms for business dialogue. The paper provides examples of the practical application of communication tools in foreign economic activity and outlines their impact on establishing partnerships, making managerial decisions, and minimizing risks in the international environment. The study concludes that developing a high level of communicative competence among foreign economic activity managers is essential for the successful operation of enterprises in the global market. In the current context of globalization and increasing competition in international markets, the effectiveness of a company's foreign economic activity largely depends on the quality of its business communications. Successful interaction with foreign partners, investors, suppliers, and clients requires not only deep professional knowledge but also a high level of communicative competence. Foreign economic activity managers must possess a wide range of business communication tools—both traditional and digital—that enable effective information exchange, prompt decision-making, and the development of long-term partnerships. In this context, the integration of advanced technologies into the communication process becomes particularly significant, allowing adaptation to the dynamic international environment. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the process of information exchange between business partners within the framework of foreign economic activity management in order to achieve common goals, as such communication occurs between partners from different countries, languages, cultures, and legal systems.
An innovative approach to assessing interest in life safety
Growing risks in the world affect the increase in the level of interest in the issue of life safety and other dangers. Martial law in the country and the increase in global risks pose new tasks for researchers to measure the components of the definition of life safety. The goal is to use an innovative approach to assessing interest in life safety, social dangers and the development of an innovative society. The methodology is to use the online resources of the Google Trends search engine, which allows you to determine the interest of Google users and target groups in the specified topics, analyze search activity in a certain direction, track trends on certain topics in certain periods of time. The assessment was carried out from 2004 to the present of search activity on the topics "life safety" and "social dangers" in the Ukrainian language in Ukraine, which has a stable growth, especially in the last three years of martial law, with regard to social dangers, interest has a low volatility. Interest in the topic of social dangers and innovative society in English in the world is steadily growing, a list of leading countries is highlighted. The applied modern information online search resource Google Trends is effective and practical in use for determining interest and assessing interest in the topics of life safety, social dangers, issues of development of innovative society and other relevant topics. The novelty lies in the further development of comparative analysis of different topics over a long period of measuring trends in different regions and countries in different languages.
The impact of generative artificial intelligence on the legal systems of contemporary states
This article examines the modernization of legal systems in response to the effects of technological development, a topic that has gained increasing relevance for contemporary states, particularly with the rise of AI. As generative AI systems emerge, capable of producing new information in different formats that resemble the results of human creativity, the importance—and with it the potential danger—of AI has become even more significant. This article aims to summarize and systematize the factors through which generative AI impacts the legal systems of contemporary states, using the case of Ukraine—a representative of the Roman-Germanic legal family. The analysis of these factors involves comparing different types of interests associated with each identified factor and highlighting key issues that could facilitate the modernization of a legal system within the possible spectrum outlined by the author. The article presents the author’s definition of generative artificial intelligence as AI technologies used to produce texts, images, audio, and video through “synthetic creativity” based on user instructions. The conclusions drawn in this article aim to enhance understanding of generative AI and its societal effects, particularly regarding the factors that determine the possibilities for improving existing legal systems.
Theoretical and legal aspects of attracting green investments for the renovation of Ukraine
The article highlights the need to develop innovative areas of environmental law in the context of martial law and post-war reconstruction, taking into account the requirements of EU law on attracting green investments. War and post-war reconstruction put forward new requirements for accelerating green transformations. The Green Transition Office under the Ministry of Economy, opened in 2024, is designed to create conditions for the growth of the Ukrainian economy through a "green" transformation without harming business competitiveness. Further development of the theoretical and legal aspects of attracting green investments is relevant for establishing the foundations of environmental law. To attract green investments for the restoration of Ukraine, directions and tools in the system of improving environmental law are considered, in particular, regarding the use of green bonds. To determine the prospects for attracting green investments, the Google Trends search service was used to analyze the search query in Ukrainian for the topic "green bonds" on May 20, 2025 over the past 5 years, which showed that the peak was in June 2021, and then interest significantly decreased. The only active region is the city of Kyiv. The green bond instrument is at the initial stage of formation and legal regulation. Meanwhile, the regulatory framework is constantly being formed and developed in accordance with the international requirements of the EU. Regarding the fragments of the comparative analysis of the economic and legal regulation of green bonds, which determine general approaches, the similarity of approaches in the EU and Ukraine is noted, which can be considered as a prerequisite and advantage for using such an instrument as green bonds for the possibility of their use for the green recovery of Ukraine. The priority of possible participants in the green bond market in the current situation of adapting the EU legal positions to the conditions of Ukraine is determined by the environmental challenges that are characteristic of both the economies of the EU countries and the recovery of Ukraine.
Private international law of Ukraine in modern conditions
The article examines the influence of modern political and legal processes on the Private International Law of Ukraine. The study identifies two important factors influencing Ukraine's Private International Law: the European integration vector of Ukraine's development and the war in Ukraine. Today, these factors have a multifaceted impact on the current state of Private International Law in Ukraine and the prospects for its development. The author characterizes the impact of European integration processes and the recodification of civil legislation of Ukraine on the Private International Law of Ukraine. The effect of the full-scale military invasion of Ukraine and martial law on the Private International Law of Ukraine has been determined. It has been established that under the influence of the war on private international law, there is an increase in the number and types of private legal relations, complicated by the presence of a foreign element and changes in the legislation of Ukraine in the field of legal regulation of cross-border private relations.
Main strategic directions of the European Union industrial policy: experience for Ukraine
The article examines the main strategic directions of the EU industrial policy. It is emphasized that the restoration of the national economy is currently a strategic course of economic development, the basic principle of which should be the implementation of state policy aimed at introducing an innovative model of structural restructuring and economic growth, and establishing Ukraine as a high-tech state. It analyzes individual provisions of the New Industrial Strategy for Europe, which aims to increase the competitiveness of EU industry at the global level and lays the foundations for industrial policy. It is noted that the strategic directions and components of the EU industrial development management policy are critically important and appropriate for implementation in the provisions of the national industrial policy, which is the basis in ensuring the competitiveness of domestic products and building inter-industry and intra-industry ties. It is indicated that in the conditions of the need for industrial restoration, the issues of ensuring food security and implementing an effective state industrial policy of the state acquire special importance. The statement is supported regarding the synchronization of the European industrial policy model with the goals of social and environmental development of the EU countries, its flexibility, the use of the competitive mechanism to ensure the modernization of the economic structure, and the expediency of using the experience of developing and implementing the EU industrial policy to form a new strategy for the industrial development of Ukraine. It is determined that the industrial recovery of Ukraine is impossible without the activation of joint initiatives that unite investors, government representatives, institutional and industrial partners, which should be accompanied by the improvement of the legislative framework and the introduction of new economic and legal means of implementing the state industrial policy.
To the problem of value-added tax administration
The article examines the digitalization of tax administration in the context of electronic value-added tax accounting as an important element of the modern Ukrainian tax system. The author analyzes the works of scholars who emphasize the importance of introducing digital technologies into the tax sphere and digital trends. The author emphasizes that this approach is logical since value-added tax is among the most important sources of state budget revenues. However, its administration remains challenging for many countries, including Ukraine. Introducing modern digital solutions for VAT accounting and control can increase the administration's transparency, reduce tax risks, and ensure the implementation of such principles of tax legislation as legality, equality, uniformity, convenience, and others. It has been proved that despite the introduction of online services for the administration of value-added tax in Ukraine, there have been numerous unjustified refusals by the controlling authorities to register tax invoices. In order to protect their rights and legitimate interests, taxpayers go to court. The author analyzes court decisions, the content of which indicates the formality of the actions of the controlling authorities, referring to the failure of the taxpayer to provide documents without any specifics. The author points out the gaps in the functioning of the tax risk management system and the need to improve the algorithms for verification and decision-making in the context of the development of the electronic VAT administration system. It is stated that despite the significant positive aspects of digitalization of tax administration in general, the electronic VAT administration system in Ukraine has significant shortcomings. This is evidenced by the large number of court disputes related to the refusal to register tax invoices due to unjustified suspensions of their registration. Court decisions often point to the formality of the actions of the controlling authorities, which refer to the failure of the taxpayer to provide documents without specification. This indicates gaps in the functioning of the tax risk management system and requires improvement of verification and decision-making algorithms in the context of the development of the electronic VAT administration system.
Some aspects of tax planning of the value added tax payer
The article considers tax planning by a value-added tax payer in the context of (a) registration of tax invoices/adjustment calculations in the Unified Register of Tax Invoices; (b) suspension of registration of tax invoices/adjustment calculations in the Unified Register of Tax Invoices; (c) refusal to register tax invoices / adjustment calculations in the Unified Register of Tax Invoices. Tax planning is a systematic comprehensive activity of the State and/or taxpayers in the field of taxation with opposing interests, i.e., public and private. The methods of scientific cognition are description, comparison, analysis, and formal and logical legal methods. The author identifies the tax planning elements for a value-added taxpayer if it meets the riskiness criteria and emphasizes this process's problematic and important issues for the taxpayer. Based on the analysis of legislative acts, judicial practice, and scientific research, the author demonstrates the complexity and versatility of tax planning, particularly in compliance with taxpayer risk criteria. It is proved that the information and telecommunication system “Electronic cabinet” is an important tool for tax planning for VAT payers, providing real-time access to data, communication with the State Tax Service, and submission of requests. It is indicated that the update of legislation in 2022 obliged the tax authorities to indicate in detail the grounds for classifying taxpayers as risky, which reduced the number of unreasonable decisions and simplified appeals. The author proposes algorithms of actions for tax planning of VAT payers which will help to avoid risks or effectively appeal them.
This article aims to explore the content of currency supervision as a legal phenomenon in Ukraine by analyzing the opinions of scholars on the content of currency supervision, the provisions of Law No. 2473-VIII, Law No. 679-XIV, Resolution No. 13, and the NBU Letter, and by outlining the main features, forms and/or methods, as well as the subjects of currency supervision in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the author uses general scientific, empirical, and, specifically, legal methods of scientific knowledge, namely analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, formal legal method, and systematic method (approach). In the course of this study, the author has identified the content of currency supervision in the context of the new liberalization system of currency regulation, outlined its features, named the subjects of currency supervision and their functions, and emphasized the methods/forms of currency supervision. In addition, the author analyses the views of scholars on the content of the legal phenomenon of currency supervision, identifies common and different opinions, and draws his own conclusions regarding the concept of ‘currency supervision’ and its features. The author also notes that the issue under study is controversial in the context of the new system of currency regulation and our country's movement towards the free movement of capital.
Assessment of the digital gap in developing countries
The article assesses the prospects for the development of entrepreneurial activity in the EU and Ukraine in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. A methodical approach for the analysis of the development of entrepreneurial activity in the EU countries and Ukraine in the context of the digitalization of the economy has been formed, which consists of three stages. Attention is drawn to the fact that the WDCR, NRI, GII indices combine mainly institutional, economic and technological indicators that reflect the development of regulatory and legal research base, use of ICT in business, information security. The EGDI index has a more social orientation and reflects socio-economic integration - it is designed to assess the level of development of the information society. An analysis of the dynamics of changes in entrepreneurial activity in EU countries and Ukraine in the conditions of digitalization of the economy was carried out. It was established that despite the lower level of development of digitalization in Ukraine compared to the EU countries, the development trends both in the EU as a whole and in Ukraine clearly coincide. The impact of the digital component on the development of entrepreneurial activity in EU countries and Ukraine was modeled using correlation-regression analysis. It was noted that the level of digitalization does not affect the speed of the legislative body's reaction to eliminate the deterioration of the conditions of business activity, and the establishment of index indicators only according to the adopted normative legal acts does not take into account the effectiveness of the implementation of legislative changes in the field of business activity. It was concluded that among the three variables, the e-government development index has the greatest influence on the development of entrepreneurial activity. Belgium, Croatia, Italy, Slovakia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Hungary have the greatest direct relationship between the development of entrepreneurial activity, the digital government development index, and digital competitiveness.
international indices of digital competitiveness
Development of International Cooperation in Cybersecurity: Normative and Legal Framework and Prospects
The article considers certain aspects of the development of international cooperation in the field of cybersecurity in Ukraine. It emphasizes the priority of issues of cyberspace protection, the importance of continuing cooperation with foreign partners in the field of cybersecurity and the introduction of new initiatives to strengthen cyber defense and deepen cooperation with the European Union and the North Atlantic Alliance. The norms of current regulatory legal acts and strategic planning documents in the field of cybersecurity are considered. Individual provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of Ensuring Cybersecurity of Ukraine”, the Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine and the EU Cybersecurity Strategy for the Digital Decade are analyzed. It is established that an important strategic aspect is ensuring active participation in the dialogue within international organizations on the joint development of norms of behavior in cyberspace and improving the relevant regulatory and legal framework. The importance of building an effective national cybersecurity system and deepening international cooperation in this area, which should be systematic and consistent, has been proven. It is noted that cybersecurity is currently a critical problem that requires increased attention, including from researchers. The need to deepen European integration processes by unifying approaches, methods and means of ensuring cybersecurity with established NATO practices has been emphasized. The following promising areas for further development of international cooperation have been identified: cooperation with international partners in the field of cybersecurity through interaction and active participation in new initiatives to strengthen cyber defense, counter cyber threats and cyber attacks; systematic exchange of research and innovations, experience in building and effective functioning of national cybersecurity systems, and improvement of national legislation in the field of cybersecurity. The conclusions are drawn that the creation of an effective national system of cybersecurity and cyberspace protection is impossible without the activation of international cooperation in this area, which must be accompanied by comprehensive scientific research and have a systemic, dynamic, and consistent nature.
Some Aspects of the Functioning of the Taxpayer's Electronic Cabinet in the Context of Tax Digitalization
The article analyzes the legal regulation of the functioning of the Electronic Taxpayer's Account in the context of digitalization of the tax system of Ukraine. This analysis is carried out by considering (1) the provisions of tax legislation that regulate the functioning of such an information and communication system and (2) the shortcomings of legal regulation of the electronic service under study. In the course of the study, the author uses such methods of scientific cognition as description, comparison, as well as formal legal and logical legal methods. The article analyzes the functioning of the Electronic Cabinet (EC) as an information and communication system which plays a key role in the digitalization of the tax system of Ukraine. The author emphasizes the importance of the E-Cabinet for fulfillment of tax obligations by taxpayers, ensuring their rights and real-time communication with the State Tax Service. It is stated that despite the wide functionality of the EA, its use remains insufficient, which is explained by a number of reasons, including distrust of electronic communication, low digital literacy of the population and the presence of shortcomings in the service. The article reviews the literature on the selected issue. It summarizes the significant attention of scholars to the issues of electronic communication, in particular, in the context of electronic tax administration, electronic reporting, and modernization of the tax system. The author presents the research results by well-known scholars who emphasize the importance of information security, technical reliability and expansion of the functionality of the electronic control system. The results of the study show that the EC, regulated by Art. 42-1 of the TC of Ukraine and relevant regulations, is a comprehensive system that operates on the principles of transparency, automation, integration and completeness of functionality, etc. It is noted that the Tax Code of Ukraine provides for three ways of communication between taxpayers and controlling authorities: postal, personal and electronic. However, the absence of clear provisions on the mandatory reflection of tax documents in electronic form creates regulatory uncertainty.The author emphasizes the need for a separate study of current legislative initiatives on the functioning of the EC. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the technical aspects of the QS, including issues of maintenance, response to errors in the service, and interaction with users. It is noted that the development of digital literacy of taxpayers and harmonization of legal regulation of the electronic control system are key areas for improving the service.
The Legal Regime of Taxation: Essence, Features, and Types
In this scientific publication, the author analyses the category of legal taxation regime, defines its features and types. The author proposes to define the legal regime of taxation as a comprehensive system of legal provisions regulating the establishment, change and collection of taxes, as well as defining the rights and obligations of taxpayers and state authorities. The author argues that the legal taxation regime is formed on the basis of the principles of taxation and is characterised by the following features: regulatory and legal consolidation; sectoral nature; controllability; imperativeness; and presence of its own purpose. It is emphasised that the effectiveness of the legal taxation regime is determined by the level of stability of legislation, compliance with international standards and the ability to adapt to economic challenges. It is noted that the general taxation regime is the basis for building a special tax regime. At the same time, the author proposes to define the general tax regime as a universal taxation procedure established by the tax legislation of Ukraine, which provides for payment of taxes and fees specified in Articles 9-10 of the Tax Code of Ukraine (national and local taxes) and applies to all business entities, except for those who have chosen or are entitled to a special taxation regime. The author substantiates the approach that special tax regimes should include not only the single tax, but also the legal regime of the City of Action. The author proves that it is inexpedient to include the procedural regime along with the general and special tax regimes into one classification series, and reveals the content of the latter.
Risks of critical infrastructures during war
Critical infrastructure becomes one of the main targets in times of war because of its important role in ensuring the functioning of the state and society. Destruction or damage to critical facilities can have catastrophic consequences for security, economy, and the lives of citizens. The article considers current issues related to determining the risk of critical infrastructure in wartime. The ChatGPT chat is used to determine the probability of risks to critical infrastructure facilities. This chat provides a general overview of probabilities based on assumptions made on the analysis of modern wars in Ukraine and other countries. The article assesses the risks to critical sectors during a war. These include: financial institutions (banks); food supply chains (stores, warehouses); energy systems (electricity, transmission); information systems (data centers, Internet); space research and satellite communications centers; educational institutions (schools, research centers); logistics (transportation networks, gas stations); communication systems (mobile networks, radio, television); water supply and sewage systems; health care systems (hospitals, pharmacies). The results are presented in the form of network diagrams. It is shown that modern wars are more dangerous for the population, due to the desire to destroy critical infrastructure and have a negative impact on the population of countries. Risk in the classical form is considered as a combination of two components, namely the probability of an event and its consequences. The issue of critical infrastructure risks is an important issue that has only been paid attention to in the last 20 years. At the same time, the risks of critical infrastructure of settlements during the war were not considered at all. Therefore, the consideration of this issue in this article is important and relevant. The use of ChatJPT to analyze analytical information available on the Internet has proven the effectiveness of such scientific work and the prospects for its further development.
Retrospective analysis of partnership types in EU framework programmes for research and innovation
Conducting high-quality research on current problems in the EU Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation requires the involvement of scientists capable of conducting research independently, universities with an appropriate laboratory, etc. Various resources are considered, including foreign, to fulfill it. One of the options for their cooperation is partnership in various forms provided by the EU Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation. However, the types of partnerships have evolved, changed and improved since 1984 to the present. The article attempts to conduct a retrospective analysis of all types of partnerships that were and are valid in the EU Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation. The author identified seven stages of this phenomenon and formulated their features, advantages and disadvantages, taking into account the action of these programmes: 1 stage) the period 1984-1991 and the existing framework programmes during this period: the birth of a partnership. The very concept of «partnership» or its types are still missing, but there are specific provisions about cooperation in these documents; 2 stage) in the period 1990-1994, the concept of «partnership» appeared for the first time without a definition or explanation at the EU legislative level; 3 stage) covers the period 1994-1998, when partnerships between universities, research institutes and industry, including partnerships with industry, were typical; 4 stage) the period 1998-2002, where the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership is present without disclosing its content or explaining at the EU legislative level; 5 stage) the period 2002-2006, when the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities, contributing to the creation of the European Research Area and to innovation, refused to establish a specific type of partnership; 6 stage) іn the period 20072013, there were initial attempts to define some types of partnerships: long term public private partnership, industry-academia partnerships, international partnerships with third country organisations in scientific society; 7 stage) since 2014 and to the present, when new types of partnerships appear or the existing types of partnerships are improved as well as almost all the proposed types of partnerships have definitions, specifics of application, etc. It was found that none of the nine specified programmes contain a definition of the term «partnership», the types of partnerships vary depending on many factors.
EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation
The emergence of the human right to safe artificial intelligence
Several international agreements on artificial intelligence were adopted last year, first and foremost the UN General Assembly resolution on safe, secure, and trustworthy AI systems for sustainable development (A/78/L.49). There has also been a growing focus on the connections between new technologies and the legal sphere, evidenced by many publications that approach comprehensively the issue of AI governance and establishing a legal framework for AI applications. We may assume that specific rights related to artificial intelligence are emerging alongside digital rights, such as trustworthy AI, secure AI, reliable AI, and safe AI. This article presents the author’s perspective on the right to safe AI, guaranteeing that no harm will be caused and no undesirable consequences will occur due to such use. Minimizing risks and ensuring that humans maintain control over technology lie at the root of this right. The author explores the various human needs connected to AI systems and upon which AI-related human rights depend, including the need for control. Furthermore, he investigates how the right to safe AI may differ from existing human rights established in international law (rights to information and labor). The article contains an attempt to search for the meaning of the right to safe AI, primarily through examining some AI ethical guidelines. The proposed new right aims to ensure that the risks associated with developing and using AI systems are expected to be kept to an acceptable minimum. The findings of this study could be valuable for further exploration of human rights issues stemming from the rise of new technologies. The article briefly defines the human right to safe AI as “the right to safe use of AI systems” and stresses that developing AI systems should not threaten humanity.
UN General Assembly Resolution A/78/L.49
Argumentation of the special social care concept for war veterans in Ukraine
The value of adherence to basic liberal democratic approaches to market self-regulation of the economy is emphasised. At the same time, given the particularly difficult conditions that the Ukrainian people are going through, which has given rise to a separate priority public interest not only for Ukrainian society, the author considers the concept that not only socially vulnerable/unable to protect themselves, but also, first and foremost, citizens who perform extremely important duties to the State and their people deserve special recognition and provision of special social security, and improvement of conditions for the exercise of labour and other rights of war veterans. This idea is substantiated in accordance with the provisions of the main section of the Constitution of Ukraine, Ukrainian legislation, and the principles of labour and social security legislation. The author distinguishes approaches of the state social security policy to different categories of citizens, in particular, two main ones: 1) when a certain regulation is established for subjects unconditionally, i.e. without any requirements regarding the corresponding obligations of such persons towards the state; 2) when the state policy with appropriate legal regulation of social protection and support is introduced for persons who have undertaken to perform particularly important priority functions for the state, to protect the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of the internationally recognised borders of Ukraine. In the latter case, it is emphasised that such regulation is conditional, since the priority is the fulfilment of a citizen's primary duty to the state, which gives rise to the right to social security for combatants, other war veterans and members of their families. It is logically suggested that in such a 'conditional' legal regulation of social security, the distinction between 'basic' and 'extended' social security would be consistent with the principles of social justice. At the same time, 'basic' social security is designed for all those who have performed a relevant duty towards the state, and 'extended' social security is created for volunteers, based on the criterion of forced (mobilised) or independent, voluntary performance of military duty (volunteers). Such a state policy would not only recognise the special role of war veterans, but would also be logically justified by the fact that volunteers have greatly simplified the already complex process of mobilising those liable for military service, thus saving the state some resources.
economic and social content of social security regulation
Legal regulation of temporary labour migration in labour and private international law of Ukraine
This scientific article focuses on the study of the problems of temporary labour migration that exist at the theoretical and legislative levels. The connection of temporary labour migration with private international law and labour law is reflected since the legal relations arising in the field of temporary labour migration are cross-border in nature and go beyond the national legal regulation. The purpose of this study is to focus on the study of the state of legal regulation of temporary labour migration in private international law and labour law of Ukraine and identify problems of regulating temporary labour migration. The analysis of scientific sources and legislation made it possible to establish that the legal response to temporary labour migration in the legislation of Ukraine has significant shortcomings. In particular, the content of the concept of “temporary labour migration” is not defined; the list of labour relations falling under the category of temporary labour migration is not defined; the scope of persons acquiring the status of temporary labour migrant is not defined; there are no norms reflecting the specifics of legal regulation of temporary labour migration as well as there are no norms reflecting guarantees and protection of temporary labour migrants.
temporary labour migration temporary protection
Social and criminological factors in the introduction of criminal liability for disclosure of medical secrets
The article examines the social and criminological factors of criminalization of disclosure of medical secrets. Social factors show that criminalization of unlawful disclosure of medical secrets is in line with the main trends of state and public. The social factors are also determined by the importance of relations that ensure the protection of information on the health status of a person, the intimate and family aspects of his/her life. It is found that scientific and technological progress in medicine gives rise to new phenomena that require their own ethical guarantees. Of particular importance is the secrecy of such medical procedures as sex reassignment, artificial insemination, transplantation, etc. However, in our country, since independence, some negative aspects of the health care system have remained unchanged, having been preserved from the Soviet era. Such manifestations include authoritarianism in the relationship between doctor and patient and, as a result, the disregard for the rights of the latter, irresponsibility of medical staff, and declarative nature of the vast majority of of legal norms. When establishing the criminological factors that influenced the establishment of criminal liability for unlawful disclosure of medical secrets, the social danger of such an act, its prevalence and level of level of latency. It is concluded that the high degree of public danger of disclosure of medical secrets is evidenced by the legislator’s provision of liability for this act in Section II of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Criminal Offenses against of the Criminal Code “Criminal offenses against life and health of a person”. Accordingly to Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine, a person, his or her life and health, honor and dignity are recognized in Ukraine as the highest social value. It is substantiated that the social danger of an of an act is not limited to the importance of the social relations which it encroaches upon, and it is necessary to establish the consequences which may be caused by such encroachment. In Article 145 of the Criminal Code, the legislator has provided for liability for unlawful disclosure of medical secrets if it has caused serious consequences. However the law does not stipulate what kind of consequences should be classified as grave, i.e. this concept is evaluative. It has been proven that such consequences can be significant harm to health, as well as moral harm. It is established that the criminal offense under study is not widespread and has a significant level of latency.
Scaling for sustainability: a change management framework aligned with SDGs
This article proposes a change management model tailored for the Ukrainian IT sector, focusing on sustainable growth and addressing industry-specific challenges. The Scaling for Sustainability framework aligns with three UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG8), Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure (SDG9) and Partnerships for the Goals (SDG17). It integrates agile change management principles with a strong sustainability focus, offering a comprehensive roadmap for IT companies to scale responsibly. The framework is based on six core principles: shared vision and values, an iterative approach, active employee engagement, data-driven decision-making, collaboration, and transparent communication. These principles are supported by practical steps and established management theories, such as Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model and agile methodologies like Scrum. Key performance indicators (KPIs) measure progress and effectiveness. For SDG 17, innovative KPIs include the number of successful partnerships and collaborative projects. The research methodology involves literature review, framework development, application to real-world case studies, and outcome analysis. The framework’s effectiveness is demonstrated through practical applications in IT companies, highlighting its potential to enhance resilience, foster innovation, and ensure sustainable growth. By integrating sustainability into core business strategies and fostering continuous learning, the Scaling for Sustainability framework addresses the needs of IT companies, positioning them as responsible actors in achieving global sustainability goals. This model provides a practical, data-driven approach to scaling, ensuring long-term success and alignment with global sustainability objectives.
Problems of protecting children’s rights who are citizens of Ukraine enjoying temporary protection in EU countries
The full-scale war in Ukraine caused a mass migration of its population and led to the increase in private relations complicated by a foreign element, which are the subject matter of private international law. The Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof provided the opportunity for citizens of Ukraine to receive the status of temporary protection on the territory of the EU countries. Cases of children being taken away from their accompanying persons or from their families have become a new challenge for Ukrainian children and their parents, who moved from Ukraine to the territory of the EU and who are under the temporary protection status. Those cases occur due to differences in legislation in matters of guardianship and parental responsibility. The author of the article has studied and systematized cases, when social services of the host country are authorized to act urgently in the interests of a child and take a child away from the family. The article provides general characteristics of circumstances that are reasons for taking a decision on the application of emergency measures by social services of EU countries to children who are citizens of Ukraine enjoying temporary protection in EU countries. It is established that the removal of children from their parents, guardians or authorized persons to accompany the child occurs under different circumstances and each situation is individual, but having systematized the cases, the author has identified the following reasons: staying in the EU unaccompanied by adults and on the grounds of “parental negligence” or “improper performance of parental duties”. The author analyses the legal status of an unaccompanied child under the national legislation of Ukraine and foreign national legislation of some EU countries. The legal status of unaccompanied children under the Directive 2001/55/EC and the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 is investigated. It is substantiated that the practice of recognizing Ukrainian children enjoying the temporary protection status as unaccompanied children is based on the following grounds: а) deficiency (inconsistency, non-recognition) of documents authorizing a person who accompanies a child for taking care of a child; в) non-compliance (non-recognition) of documents on the right to guardianship, issued in Ukraine, with the requirements of the host country that granted temporary protection; с) independent stay of a child on the EU territory, who is a citizen of Ukraine and has reached the age of 16, left Ukraine independently and is on the EU territory without parents and accompanying persons.
The legal basis of social security for village officers and members of their families according to the legislation of Ukraine
The article examines the current state of the legislative system of Ukraine, which regulates the social protection of military personnel and their family members. The main principles of state policy in the field of social security of this category of persons were considered, and it was determined that the main directions of such policy are: a) establishment of a unified system of social and legal protection; b) guaranteeing favorable conditions in the economic, social, and political spheres to military personnel and members of their families; c) development of effective and accessible mechanisms for the realization of their rights to social protection by this category of persons. Social security of persons who defend the state is an extremely important direction of state policy, which is of primary importance not only during the war, but also after its end. Today, there is no more important task than protecting and ensuring the rights of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations that defend the territorial integrity and sovereignty of our state. It is noted that today in Ukraine there is a system of normative legal acts of various legal force that regulate issues of social and legal protection of military personnel, their constitutional rights and freedoms, and guarantees regarding their implementation. At the same time, despite the fact that the legislation in this field is constantly developing and improving, many problematic issues require an effective mechanism for their resolution. The types of social guarantees of servicemen and their family members and the peculiarities of their provision during the period of martial law in the country are considered. A conclusion was made about the irregularity of the norms that determine specific types of social protection of servicemen and their family members, as a significant number of normative legal acts do not always indicate the provision of integral and comprehensive social protection. And also, the absence of a single legislative act that would determine mutually agreed standards and principles of building the entire structure of social security for servicemen and their family members. There were opinions that the existing system of social protection needs radical reorganization and adaptation to modern conditions. In particular, it is necessary to create a clear system of guarantees of social (material) support of servicemen and their family members, to ensure their observance and implementation by the state. A decent level of social security acts as a stimulus for citizens to military service.
Tools for adaptating Ukraine’s artificial intelligence ecosystem to meet European Union standards
This article delves into the preparation of Ukraine’s AI industry for the adoption of EU standards. The author evaluates six tools outlined in the 2023 Roadmap for the Regulation of AI in Ukraine and their potential application within the AI ecosystem. They are designed to foster the advancement of AI technologies in Ukraine while ensuring compliance with EU standards. It is imperative for government authorities to establish favorable conditions to facilitate the seamless integration of the EU AI Law in the future. The research demonstrates the auxiliary measures that can be employed to synchronize the Ukrainian legislation with the advancement of AI ecosystem. These adaptation tools also play a pivotal role in driving the industry’s growth. This discussion pertains to realizing the scientific, technical, and socio-economic potential of Ukraine’s information and communication technology sphere. The article discusses the significance of regulatory sandboxes and outlines methodologies for testing AI technologies and systems. It defines the tasks of labeling input data for machine learning and output data for generative AI, as well as labeling the AI systems themselves. The author explains the drafting of atypical acts within the EU legal system, such as white papers and codes of conduct, for adaptation. The article provides examples of instructions and recommendations for industry development in compliance with the EU AI Act standards. Furthermore, the author summarizes the role of each tool and suggests expanding the Roadmap to include software for developing and AI educational courses. The study contributes to the ongoing public debate on whether Ukraine requires an AI strategy alongside a government concept. It also includes examples of how the researched tools have been implemented in leading countries such as Canada, Great Britain, Japan, Singapore, the USA. Additionally, it showcases international initiatives within the G7 framework (International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems) and the Council of Europe (HUDERIA).