Electric vehicle as a multifunctional object of legal relations within smart grids: European experience and prospects for Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37772/2309-9275-2026-1(26)-3Keywords:
Smart Grids, Vehicle-to-Grid, aggregator, electromobility, energy law, EU acquis, cybersecurity, demand response, UkraineAbstract
The article examines the transformation of the legal nature of electric vehicles as a multifunctional object of legal relations within Smart Grids under the conditions of digitalization of energy systems and the integration of Ukraine into the European energy space. It is substantiated that, in modern energy systems, electric vehicles perform not only a transport function but also act as elements of electricity consumption, storage, and supply, which necessitates a comprehensive legal regulation of their participation in energy markets. It is demonstrated that the development of electric mobility in combination with Smart Grids technologies, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and demand response mechanisms creates new challenges for the legal regulation of energy and digital relations, particularly in the areas of cybersecurity and personal data protection. It is established that there is a fragmented and insufficiently defined regulatory framework governing the legal status of aggregators and V2G mechanisms in Ukrainian law, which hinders their full integration into energy markets. It is emphasized that current Ukrainian legislation requires harmonization with the EU acquis, particularly regarding the development of charging infrastructure and the implementation of cyber-resilience standards. It is concluded that the implementation of European approaches creates legal prerequisites for the integration of electric mobility into energy systems and for enhancing Ukraine’s energy resilience.
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