Problems of startup development in the early stages of the innovation process: national, foreign and international legal aspects

Abstract

Given the global prevalence of startups and their positive impact on the economy, public authorities and NGOs are interested in providing various types of support to the authors (founders) of startups, including the most risky stage of their development – the initial. Of particular importance is the issue of the effectiveness of certain support measures and the possibility of attracting foreign and international experience to Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to implement a comprehensive of the most common and effective means of supporting startup ideas in foreign countries and to provide proposals for the implementation of relevant experience in our country. In Ukraine, the issue of business incubators as a subject of the innovation process in the field of startup support is almost not regulated by special legislation, and the understanding of the business incubator is unjustifiably narrowed only to material and financial support. In Poland, with the help of the coordinating entity, comprehensive and comprehensive support for startups at the regional level with the involvement of EU funds is actively provided. In Ukraine, the leading place in support of startups belongs to the Startup Support Fund. At the same time, it is important to properly regulate the activities of both entities supporting startups and startups themselves, by attracting funding for relevant EU programs. The analyzed countries have special legislation aimed at supporting entrepreneurship, which has a positive impact on the activities of startups. Instead, some questions arise regarding the definition of the innovative component of a startup as a feature of an enterprise that can apply for state support. In particular, in the analyzed acts of Latvia and Estonia such a component is absent, and the startup is a de facto synonym for the newly created company. In our opinion, the Lithuanian legal system is the most developed on the way to creating special legal regulation and ecosystem of support for startups. In addition, the key role in ensuring effective state support for startups is played by the subjects of innovation infrastructure intermediaries formed, including as government agencies, which collect and update comprehensive information on opportunities for startups to receive various types of support (investment, education, etc.). ), as well as create conditions for direct interaction of various subjects of innovation. In this aspect, it is important for Ukraine to ensure close partnerships with such developed innovation infrastructure entities as “Enterprise Estonia”.