Legal regulation of temporary labour migration in labour and private international law of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37772/2309-9275-2024-2(23)-1Keywords:
labour migration, labour migrants, migration policy, national legislation of Ukraine, Private International Law, protection of migrant workers’ rights, temporary labour migration temporary protectionAbstract
This scientific article focuses on the study of the problems of temporary labour migration that exist at the theoretical and legislative levels. The connection of temporary labour migration with private international law and labour law is reflected since the legal relations arising in the field of temporary labour migration are cross-border in nature and go beyond the national legal regulation. The purpose of this study is to focus on the study of the state of legal regulation of temporary labour migration in private international law and labour law of Ukraine and identify problems of regulating temporary labour migration. The analysis of scientific sources and legislation made it possible to establish that the legal response to temporary labour migration in the legislation of Ukraine has significant shortcomings. In particular, the content of the concept of “temporary labour migration” is not defined; the list of labour relations falling under the category of temporary labour migration is not defined; the scope of persons acquiring the status of temporary labour migrant is not defined; there are no norms reflecting the specifics of legal regulation of temporary labour migration as well as there are no norms reflecting guarantees and protection of temporary labour migrants.
References
Amelicheva, L. (2020). Right to decent work of labour migrants in the context of globalization. Entrepreneurship, economy and law, 1, 54–58. https://doi.org/10.32849/2663-5313/2020.1.10
Andriiv, V.M. (2017). Trends in modern international migration. Directions of development of the science of labour law and social security law: Proceedings of the VI All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Department of Labour and Commercial Law of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs (pp. 64–67); Kharkiv: Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs.
Bartolini, L. (2023). An international organization’s approach to labour migration for human development. Global Labour in Distress, 1. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89258-6_9
Berg L. (2016). Migrant rights at work: Law's precariousness at the intersection of immigration and labour. SSRN. Retrieved from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2649296
Buriak, K. M. (2021). Peculiarities of conflict regulation of international labour relations. Rule of law, 41, 103-108. https://doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2021.41.225615
Code de l'entrée et du séjour des étrangers et du droit d'asile [Сode of Entry and Stay of Foreigners and of the Right of Asylum] (2005). Légifrance. Retrieved from: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000006070158/
Code du travail [Labour Code] (2008). Légifrance. Retrieved from: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000006072050/
Council of Europe (1977). European Convention relating to the Status of Migrant Workers. No 93. https://www.osce.org/odihr/27245
Council of Europe (2001, July, 20). Directive 2001/55/EC “On minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof.” Retrieved from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2001/55/oj
Einführungsgesetz zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuche [Introductory Act to the Civil Code] in the version promulgated on 21 September 1994 (BGBl. I p. 2494; 1997 I p. 1061), last amended by Article 3 of the Act of 24 June 2024 (BGBl. 2024 I No. 212). (2024). Bundesgesetzblatt. Retrieved from: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgbeg/BJNR006049896.html
European Union (2014). Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. Official Journal of the European Union, L 161/3. Retrieved from: http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/2014/295/oj
Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community. (n.d.). Labour migrations in Germany. https://www.bmi.bund.de/EN/topics/migration/immigration/labour-migration/generell-information/general-information.html
Gesetz über den Aufenthalt, die Erwerbstätigkeit und die Integration von Ausländern im Bundesgebiet [Act on the Residence, Economic Activity and Integration of Foreigners in the Federal Territory]. (2023). Bundesgesetzblatt. Retrieved from: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/aufenthg_2004/
Helander, M., Holley, P. & Uuttana, H. (2016). Trying to secure a future in uncertain circumstances: the social security of temporary migrant workers in Finland. Arbor, 192(777). https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2016.777n1002
Institute of Demography and Social Studies. M. V. Ptukhy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (2018). Ukrainian Society: Migration Dimension: National Report. Кyiv. https://www.nas.gov.ua/text/pdfNews/migration_national_report_main_results.pd
International Labour Organization (1949). Migration for Employment Convention (Revised) No. 97. Retrieved from: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:C097:NO
International Labour Organization (1975). Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention No. 143. Retrieved from: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:C143:NO
International Labour Organization (2022). Temporary labour migration. Retrieved from: https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-migration/publications/WCMS_746184
Khimich, V. O. (2022). Peculiarities of Regulation of Labour Relations in International Private and Labour Law of Ukraine. Legal Scientific Electronic Journal, 10, 321-323. https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2022-10/77
Kozin, S. M. (2020). Features of the legal status of migrants as subjects of labour law. Legal Bulletin, 16, 106–111. https://doi.org/10.32850/LB2414-4207.2020.16.14
Laki työntekijöiden lähettämisestä [Act on the Posting of Workers] (17.6.2016/447). (2016). Finlex. Retrieved from https: https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa–/2016/20160447
Law of Ukraine “On Employment of the Population" (2012). Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (VVR), 2013, No. 24, p. 243. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5067-17#Text
Law of Ukraine “On External Labour Migration" (2015). Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (VVR), 2015, No. 49-50, p. 463. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/761-19?lang=en#Text
Law of Ukraine “On Private International Law” (2005). Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (VVR), 2005, No. 32, p. 422. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2709-15?lang=en#Text.
Law of Ukraine “The Constitution of Ukraine” (1996). Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (VVR), 1996, No. 30, p. 141. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96%D0%–B2%D1%80?lang=en#Text
Law of Ukraine “The Labour Code of Ukraine” (1971). Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of USSR. No 50, p.375. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/322-08?lang=en#Text
Libanova, E. M., & Pozniak, O. V. (2020). External labor migration from Ukraine: the impact of COVID-19. Demography and Social Economy, 4 (42), 25–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/dse 2020.04.025
Liukkunen, U. (2022). Docet work and Private International Law. Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht, 86 (4), 876–904. https://doi.org/10.1628/rabelsz-2022-0080
Pitkänen, P. & Hayakawa, T. (2019) Conclusion: Challenges and future prospects of temporary transnational migration, in Pitkänen, P., T. Hayakawa, K. Schmidt and M. Aksakal (eds.) Temporary Migration, Transformation and Development: Evidence from Europe and Asia (pp. 258–273). London: Routledge.
Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I). Retrieved from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32008R0593
Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (2017). On Approval of the Strategy of the State Migration Policy of Ukraine for the Period up to 2025. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4822017%D1%80?find=1&text=%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1–%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE#w1_1
Työsopimuslaki [Employment Contracts Act] (26.01.2001/55). (2001). Finlex. Retrieved from: https:https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2001/20010055
Ulkomaalaislaki [Aliens Act] (301/2004). (2004). Finlex. Retrieved from: https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2004/20040301
UNHCR (2024). Operational data portal. Ukraine Refugee Situation. URL: https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine
Venediktov, V.S. & Kravchenko, I.O. (2022). Mediation: from theoretical aspects to practical implementation of migrants' labour rights. Electronic scientific publication "Analytical and Comparative Law", 3, 97–102. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2021.04.16
Verordnung über die Beschäftigung von Ausländerinnen und Ausländern (Beschäftigungsverordnung - BeschV). [Ordinance on the Employment of Foreigners] (2023). Bundesgesetzblatt. Retrieved from: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/beschv_2013/BJNR149910013.html
Vosko, L. F. (2020). Temporary labour migration by any other name: differential inclusion under Canada’s ‘new’ international mobility regime. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 48. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2020.1834839
Wright, C., Groutsis, D., & van den Broek, D. (2017) Employer-sponsored temporary labour migration schemes in Australia, Canada and Sweden: enhancing efficiency, compromising fairness? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(11), 1854–1872