Place of Cryptocurrency in the System of Objects of Civil Laws
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31359/2309-9275-2019-12-1-30Abstract
Problem setting. Nowadays cryptocurrency is widespread around the world and is very popular among Internet users and programmers. Ukraine is not an exception. Although it is used in our country, there is no law which define the legal regime of cryptocurrency in Ukraine. The only regulatory act, which regulated the ways of use of cryptocurrency, was cancelled in 2014 and still we have only 3 projects of law, which are waiting for votes of the Supreme Rada of Ukraine.
Analysis of resent researches and publications. The following scientists were engaged in research of the specified question: Korchagin A. G., Majdanyk R. A., Melikov U. A., Nekit K. G., Skrypnyk V. L. and others.
Article’s main body. The differences between the peculiarities of physical and technical characteristics are analyzed and compared with the elements of the system of objects of civil laws, such as things, money and securities, actions (results of works, services), results of intellectual, creative activity of a person, information.
Author also considers court decisions, which concern cryptocurrency and are very interesting for our practical workers and legislator, because some of the decisions contain leading positions about legal regime of cryptocurrencies in Ukraine and which partially contradict Ukrainian laws.
Nowadays nearly 40 countries of the world regulate the legal regime of cryptocurrency, among which Australia, Argentina, Belarus, Germany, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Japan etc.
Conclusions and prospects for the development. Today cryptocurrency is a specific object of civil laws, which has integrated nature, because it combines the signs of different objects of civil laws, which are mentioned in art. 177 of the Civil Code
References
Klaus Shvab, Nikolas Devis (2018) Tekhnologii Chetvertoy promyshlennoy revolyutsii. Moskva : Eksmo [in Russian]
Garrick Hileman, Michael Rauchs (2017) Global Cryptocurrency Benchmarking Study. Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance.. URL: https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/fileadmin/user_upload/research/centres/alternative-finance/downloads/2017-global-cryptocurrency-benchmarking-study.pdf [in English]
Total Market Capitalization. URL: https://coinmarketcap.com/charts/ [in English]
Shchodo vidnesennia operatsii z «virtualnoiu valiutoiu/kryptovaliutoiu «Bitcoin» do operatsii z torhivli inozemnoiu valiutoiu, a takozh naiavnosti pidstav dlia zarakhuvannia na potochnyi rakhunok v inozemnii valiuti fizychnoi osoby inozemnoi valiuty, otrymanoi vid prodazhu Bitcoin: Lyst Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy vid 8.12.2004 r. # 29-208/72889. Zakonodavstvo Ukrainy: normat.-prav. baza Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy – Legislation of Ukraine: regulatory framework of the Supreme Council of Ukraine URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v2889500-14/ed20180322 [in Ukrainian]
Pro vyznannia takymy, shcho vtratyly aktualnist, okremykh lystiv Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy: Lyst Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy vid 22.03.2018 r. # 40-0006/16290. Zakonodavstvo Ukrainy: normat.-prav. baza Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy – Legislation of Ukraine: regulatory framework of the Supreme Council of Ukraine. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v6290500-18 [in Ukrainian]
Pro obih kryptovaliuty v Ukraini: Proekt Zakonu Ukrainy vid 6.10.2017 r. # 7183. Ofitsiinyi veb-portal Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy – The official web-portal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine. URL: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=62684 [in Ukrainian]
Pro stymuliuvannia rynku kryptovaliut ta yikh pokhidnykh v Ukraini: Proekt Zakonu Ukrainy vid 10.10.2017 p. #7381-1. Ofitsiinyi veb-portal Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy – The official web-portal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine.. URL: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=62710[in Ukrainian]
Pro vnesennia zmin do Podatkovoho kodeksu Ukrainy shchodo opodatkuvannia operatsii z virtualnymy aktyvamy v Ukraini: Proekt Zakonu Ukrainy vid 14.09.2018 r. # 9083. Ofitsiinyi veb-portal Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy – The official web-portal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine. URL: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=64597 [in Ukrainian]
Virtualni valiuty. Kliuchovi vyznachennia ta potentsiini ryzyky u sferi PVD/FT: zvit Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering vid chervnia 2014 r. URL: https://eurasiangroup.org/files/FATF_docs/Virtualnye_valyuty_FATF_2014.pdf [in Ukrainian]
Borysova V. I., Baranova L. M., Biehova T. I. et al. (2011) Tsyvilne pravo (Vols.1-2, Vol.1). (Borysova V. I., Spasybo-Fatieieva I. V., Yarotskii V. L. Eds.) Kharkiv : Pravo [in Ukrainian]TPro avtorske pravo i sumizhni prava: Zakon Ukrainy vid 23.12.1993 r. # 3792-KhII. (1994) Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy – Supreme Council of Ukraine,. 13. St. 64. [in Ukrainian]
Pro avtorske pravo i sumizhni prava: Zakon Ukrainy vid 23.12.1993 r. № 3792-KhII. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. 1994. № 13. St. 64.
O razvitii cifrovoj jekonomiki: Dekret Prezidenta Respubliki Belarus’ ot 21.12.2017 g. № 8. Oficial’nyj Internet-portal Prezidenta Respubliki Belarus’. URL: http://president.gov.by/ru/official_documents_ru/view/dekret-8-ot-21-dekabrja-2017-g-17716/ [in Russian]
Muhin I.G. Kriptovaljuty i blokchejn-tehnologii: ocenka riskov i ugroz. Sovershenstvovanie sledstvennoj dejatel’nosti v uslovijah informatizacii : sb. materialov mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (12–13 apr. 2018 g.). Minsk, 2018. S. 218–221 [in Russian]
